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India Demographics
Demographics of India :
India is the second – most populous country in the world with an estimated 1.1 billion people in 2006.
[ 9 ] Language, Caste and Religion are determinants of Social and Political organisation within its diverse population. Although 81.5% of the people are Hindus, India is also home to the second – largest population of Muslims in the world ( 12.2% ), after Indonesia.
Other religious groups include Sikhs ( 2% ), Christians ( 2.33% ), Buddhists ( 0.76% ), Jains ( 0.40% ), Jews, Zoroastrians, Ahmadis, and Bahá’ís. [ 9 ] The national average literacy rate is 64.4% ( with males – 75.6% and females – 54.2% ). The state of Kerala leads the country with a literacy rate of approximately 94%.
Unlike the USA, UK, and Australian Censuses, the national Census of India does not recognize racial or ethnic groups within India. [ 10 ]
India’s biggest metropolitan agglomerations are Mumbai ( formerly Bombay ), Delhi, Kolkata ( formerly Calcutta ), Chennai ( formerly Madras ), Bangalore and Hyderabad.
The national sex ratio is 933 females per 1,000 males and median age is 24.66. India’s birth rate is 22.32 births per 1,000. [ 9 ] The total fertility rate ( TFR ) for India is above the world average, however the growth rate is showing signs of decrease in South India.
India is Home to Two Major Linguistic Families :
Indo – Aryan ( spoken by about 74% of the population ) and Dravidian ( spoken by about 24% ). Other languages spoken in India come from the Austro – Asiatic and Tibeto – Burman linguistic families. The Indian constitution recognises 23 official languages. [ 11 ] Hindi and English are used by the Union Government of India for official purposes, wherein Hindi has a de jure priority. Sanskrit and Tamil enjoy classical language status in India [ 12 ]. The number of dialects in India is as high as 1,652.
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